basically, 10W vs 5W goes like this: the "W" stands for "weight" which really all that means is that the 10W-30 is thicker (more viscous) than the 5W-30 at a lower temp (i.e. when the engine is starting)...for we who live in the south, this is now big deal, seeing as how our engine blocks hardly ever see temps on the order of 45F. For yall up north, you might want to consider using the lower weight, 5W-30 during the cold months, b/c it will help your car start more easily in the cold winter (in theory).
as to the second number, 30 vs. 40, that is a general viscosity - viscosity achieved at optimum running temps....basically, stick with 30. If your car is a smoker...kick it up to 40 and this will hinder the amount of oil your old beast consumes...Don't use the 40 just because you have a leaky head gasket - just replace the gasket - nodnod.
to give you a better idea of the second number, piston aircraft engines use an oil with a number somewhere around 90...it's thick as honey. the reason being for this is that they get much hotter than car engines (most are air-cooled), they have a much lower compression ratio, and the blow-by around the cylinders is much greater than that of a car engine...they literally sling oil out the exhaust.
hope all this helps somebody...anyhoo...I'ma go get a beer
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